平板裂纹前缘三维效应区的弹性力学分析

本文利用Kane和Mindlin关于弹性乎板面内问题位移的基本假设及Fourier变换求解了无限大板的I型裂纹问题,得到了裂纹尖端应力位移场的渐近形式、应力强度因子随板厚的变化规律以及板厚对裂纹前缘三维效应区的影响.研究表明,对线性硬化材料,在塑性切线胰量不太小的情况下,线弹性分析的结果可近似适用于弹塑性材料.     

Hypersingular integral equation method for a three-dimensional crack in anisotropic electro-magneto-elastic bimaterials

Using Green’s functions, the extended general displacement solutions of a three-dimensional crack problem in anisotropic electro-magneto-elastic (EME) bimaterials under extended loads are analyzed by the boundary element method. Then, the crack problem is reduced to solving a set of hypersingular integral equations (HIE) coupled with boundary integral equations. The singularity of the extended displacement discontinuities around the crack front terminating at the interface is analyzed by the main-part analysis method of HIE, and the exact analytical solutions of the extended singular stresses and extended stress intensity factors (SIFs) near the crack front in anisotropic EME bimaterials are given. Also, the numerical method of the HIE for a rectangular crack subjected to extended loads is put forward with the extended crack opening dislocation approximated by the product of basic density functions and polynomials. At last, numerical solutions of the extended SIFs of some examples are obtained.     

Three-dimensional solutions for general anisotropy

The Stroh formalism is extended to provide a new class of three-dimensional solutions for the generally anisotropic elastic material that have polynomial dependence on x₃, but which have quite general form in x₁,x₂. The solutions are obtained by a sequence of partial integrations with respect to x₃, starting from Stroh's two-dimensional solution. At each stage, certain special functions have to be introduced in order to satisfy the equilibrium equation. The method provides a general analytical technique for the solution of the problem of the prismatic bar with tractions or displacements prescribed on its lateral surfaces. It also provides a particularly efficient solution for three-dimensional boundary-value problems for the half-space. The method is illustrated by the example of a half-space loaded by a linearly varying line force.     

土钉支护现场测试及三维数值模拟分析

在进行土钉轴力和边坡位移测试的基础上 ,进行了土钉支护的三维数值模拟研究 ,对边坡位移、土钉轴力、塑性区分布等分别作了较为深入的探讨 ,认识到土钉与土体相互作用形成了一个完整的支护体系 ;基坑失稳破坏并非传统意义上的土体和土钉的破坏 ,而是土钉支护体系的整体性破坏 ;土钉支护体系的形成正是通过土钉的分担作用、应力传递与扩散作用来实现的 ,这是土钉支护作用的实质.     

The role of mechanics in biological and biologically inspired materials

In the development of new materials, researchers have recently turned to nature for inspiration and assistance. A special emphasis has been placed on understanding the development of biological materials from the traditional correlation of structure to property, as well as correlating structure to functionality. The natural evolution of structure in biological materials is guided by the interaction between these materials and their environment. What is most notable about natural materials is the way in which the structure is able to adapt at a wide range of length scales. Much of the interaction that biological materials experience occurs through mechanical contact. Therefore, to develop biologically inspired materials it is necessary to quantify the mechanical behavior of and mechanical influences on biological structures with the intention of defining the natural structure-property-functionality relationship for these materials. In particular, the role mechanics has assumed in understanding biological materials, and the biologically inspired materials developed from this knowledge, will be clarified. The following will serve to elucidate on this role: the helical structure of fibrous tissue, the multi-scale structure of wood, and the biologically inspired optimal structure of functionally graded materials.     

二维材料的凝胶化及电化学储能应用

近年来, 二维材料由于其独特的结构以及高电化学活性在储能领域中备受关注. 然而在实际应用中, 二维材料的“面-面”堆叠极大地限制了其性能的发挥. 凝胶化作为实现纳米材料液相三维组装的重要手段, 不仅可以有效减少二维材料的团聚, 保留更多活性位点, 同时形成的三维网络结构可以提供畅通的离子电子传输通道, 提升材料在储能应用中的实用性. 不仅如此, 二维材料的凝胶化在电极材料孔结构设计以及活性物质缓冲空间定制方面具有先天优势. 本文以氧化石墨烯凝胶化过程的方法和原理为基础, 综合评述了石墨烯及其它几类较典型的二维材料的凝胶化机制及方法, 梳理了其孔结构调控策略, 并对凝胶化二维储能材料的设计以及应用进行了归纳、 总结及展望.     

三维有序In2O3纳米线阵列的合成及纳米结构有序度对气敏性能的影响

采用SBA-15硬模板复制技术合成出三维有序纳米线阵列结构的In₂O₃, 通过离心分离获得了2个尺寸不同的块状颗粒样品. 利用XRD、 SEM和紫外-可见光谱对样品的晶体结构、 晶粒尺寸、 形貌及带隙宽度进行了分析. 结果表明, 2个样品具有相同的纳米微结构, 均为由晶粒尺寸约12 nm的近球形In₂O₃晶粒规则有序排列生长而成的三维纳米线阵列结构, 纳米线的直径约为12 nm, 间距约为2 nm, 且块状尺寸较大样品的带隙宽度略大. In₂O₃样品对乙醇气体的气敏性能测试结果显示, 当乙醇气体在空气中的体积分数为100×10^-6, 温度为320 ℃时, A样品的灵敏度达到50. 6, 优于尺寸较小的B样品. 通过对比研究发现该纳米结构样品的气敏性能明显优于同级别纳米颗粒和介孔结构材料, 纳米材料的气敏性能随纳米结构形态有序度的增加而提高.     

Iron(II)-Catalyzed Aerobic Biomimetic Oxidation of N-Heterocycles

Herein, an iron(II)-catalyzed biomimetic oxidation of N-heterocycles under aerobic conditions is described. The dehydrogenation process, involving several electron-transfer steps, is inspired by oxidations occurring in the respiratory chain. An environmentally friendly and inexpensive iron catalyst together with a hydroquinone/cobalt Schiff base hybrid catalyst as electron-transfer mediator were used for the substrate-selective dehydrogenation reaction of various N-heterocycles. The method shows a broad substrate scope and delivers important heterocycles in good-to-excellent yields.     

细菌纤维素衍生的三维碳集流体用于无枝晶的锂金属负极

锂金属是下一代高能量密度电池的关键负极,然而其实用化面临着一系列问题,主要包括循环过程中体积变化大、枝晶生长等。使用三维集流体是解决这些问题的有效方法,然而现有大多数三维集流体存在重量大、体积大、表面亲锂性差、成本高等问题。针对上述问题,本文以低成本的细菌纤维素为前驱体,通过直接碳化制备出具有连通网络的轻质三维碳集流体,其表面均匀分布的含氧官能团可以促进锂离子的均匀成核和沉积,有效抑制了枝晶生长。值得注意的是,该集流体的面密度仅为0.32 mg·cm^?2,在3 mAh·cm^?2比容量的锂金属负极中质量占比仅为28.8%。电化学测试结果表明,该集流体在3 mA·cm^?2的高电流密度或4 mAh·cm^?2的高循环容量的工作条件下,稳定循环超过150次,并且在对称电池或与LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05匹配的全电池中也表现出良好的电化学性能。     

一款大靶面消热差鱼眼镜头设计

为了满足信息化时代对高清鱼眼镜头的应用需求,利用CODE V和Zemax光学软件设计了一款匹配16 mm(1英寸)CCD的大孔径玻塑混合鱼眼镜头。该系统可在光谱为486 nm～656 nm以及850 nm范围内清晰成像,视场角为210°,F数2.0,焦距为4.1 mm, F-Theta畸变小于7%,边缘照度大于68%。常温下,该系统在奈奎斯特频率91 lp/mm处0.707视场MTF大于0.5,全视场MTF大于0.35。-40℃～+75℃状态下0.707视场MTF大于0.3,全视场MTF大于0.2,满足高低温环境下的使用要求。系统采用7片式玻塑混合的结构形式,具备大视场角、大靶面、大光圈等特征,可广泛应用于高清摄像、安防监控、工业生产等领域。